[Autologous chondrocyte transplantation]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Regenerative Medicine
• Biomaterials Science

Context:

• Focal articular cartilage defects can progress to secondary osteoarthritis.
• Indications for autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) include specific defect sizes and locations in young patients, and failure of previous treatments.
• Contraindications include osteoarthritis and kissing lesions; axial malalignment and joint instability require correction prior to ACT.

Purpose:

• To outline the indications, contraindications, and procedural aspects of autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) for articular cartilage defects.
• To compare second-generation ACT, utilizing 3D biomaterials with seeded chondrocytes, to established techniques like microfracture.

Summary:

• Second-generation ACT involves implanting articular chondrocytes seeded onto three-dimensional biomaterials.
• Randomized trials show comparable clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcomes between ACT and marrow-stimulating techniques.
• Further long-term research is essential to evaluate ACT's influence on osteoarthritis progression.

Impact:

• ACT provides a potential treatment option for significant articular cartilage defects, aiming to restore joint function and potentially delay osteoarthritis.
• The use of biomaterials in second-generation ACT represents an advancement in cartilage repair strategies.
• Understanding the long-term efficacy of ACT is crucial for guiding clinical practice and patient selection for cartilage regeneration.