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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
Automated Microbial Diagnostics01:24

Automated Microbial Diagnostics

Automated diagnostic analyzers have transformed clinical microbiology by providing rapid and reliable methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among these systems, the Vitek 2 is widely used because it automates the traditionally labor-intensive processes of microbial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), delivering standardized and timely results that are essential for effective patient care.Microbial Identification with ID CardsThe...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

NO(2) Sensor which uses immobilized nitrite oxidizing bacteria.

T Okada1, I Karube, S Suzuki

  • 1Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 227, Japan.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|June 1, 1983
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel biosensor using nitrite oxidizing bacteria and an oxygen electrode offers rapid and reproducible detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas. This microbial sensor demonstrates high selectivity and stability for environmental monitoring applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a significant air pollutant.
  • Accurate and rapid detection methods for NO2 are crucial for environmental monitoring.
  • Existing NO2 detection methods may have limitations in sensitivity, response time, or selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel biosensor for the amperometric determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas.
  • To evaluate the performance characteristics of the developed NO2 biosensor.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of nitrite oxidizing bacteria onto an oxygen electrode.
  • Amperometric measurement of current changes in response to NO2 exposure.
  • Characterization of sensor response time, linearity, minimum detection limit, reproducibility, and selectivity.

Main Results:

  • The biosensor achieved a response time within 3 minutes for NO2 determination.
  • A linear relationship was observed between current decrease and NO2 concentration up to 255 ppm.
  • The minimum detectable NO2 concentration was 0.51 ppm with a reproducibility of +/-4% relative error.
  • The sensor exhibited satisfactory selectivity for NO2 and maintained stable performance for over 24 days and 400 assays.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microbial biosensor is a promising tool for the sensitive, selective, and stable detection of nitrogen dioxide gas.
  • This biosensor offers a rapid and reproducible method for environmental NO2 monitoring.
  • The long-term stability suggests potential for practical applications in air quality assessment.