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[Asthma and rhinitis in childhood]

Felix H Sennhauser1

  • 1Medizinische Universitäts-Kinderklinik, Kinderspital Zürich. felix.sennhauser@kispi.uzh.ch

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|June 17, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Childhood asthma and rhinitis share underlying inflammation, impacting the upper and lower airways. Early diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis are crucial for managing the rhinobronchial syndrome in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pediatric Otolaryngology

Context:

  • Bronchial asthma is a prevalent chronic childhood illness (7-15% in Switzerland), often diagnosed clinically due to lack of objective criteria in infants.
  • Allergic mechanisms contribute to up to 80% of asthma cases in school-aged children.
  • Upper and lower airways are functionally interconnected (united airways), meaning nasal conditions can affect respiratory health.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the common inflammatory basis of bronchial asthma and rhinitis in children.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges in early childhood asthma.
  • To underscore the significance of the rhinobronchial syndrome.

Summary:

  • Asthma involves intrathoracic respiratory mucosa inflammation; allergic triggers are common in older children.
  • Rhinitis etiology shifts from viral in infants to allergic in school-aged children, often leading to rhinosinusitis.
  • Therapy includes bronchodilators and topical steroids for asthma, and topical steroids for allergic rhinitis, with antibiotics rarely needed.

Impact:

  • Recognizing the united airways concept is vital for understanding and managing pediatric respiratory conditions.
  • Effective management of allergic rhinitis with topical steroids may prevent complications like bronchial obstruction.
  • This understanding supports integrated treatment approaches for the rhinobronchial syndrome.

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