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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Overview of Systemic Veins01:11

Overview of Systemic Veins

Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
The coronary sinus, the heart's principal vein, resides in the coronary sulcus on the heart's posterior aspect. This broad venous channel receives nearly all venous blood from the myocardium, the heart muscle. It is fed by three primary veins: the great cardiac vein, the middle...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

[Systemic sclerosis].

Giorgio Tamborrini1, Meike Distler, Oliver Distler

  • 1Rheumaklinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.

Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur Pharmazeuten
|June 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis treatments focus on managing organ-specific issues, as no disease-modifying drugs exist. This review details effective medications for gastrointestinal, renal, vascular, and lung complications in systemic sclerosis patients.

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Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
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Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice
08:09

Vasodilation of Isolated Vessels and the Isolation of the Extracellular Matrix of Tight-skin Mice

Published on: March 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Fibrosis Research

Context:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe, multi-organ fibrotic disease.
  • Vascular issues like fingertip ulcers and Raynaud's phenomenon are common.
  • No current treatments modify the underlying disease course.

Purpose:

  • To review current medications effective for specific organ manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis.
  • To provide an overview of therapeutic options for SSc-related complications.

Summary:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) managed with proton pump inhibitors.
  • Gastrointestinal dysmotility may benefit from metoclopramide, erythromycin, or octreotide; bacterial overgrowth treated with antibiotics.
  • Acute renal crisis managed with ACE inhibitors; Raynaud's phenomenon with calcium channel blockers, iloprost, losartan, fluoxetine, or sildenafil.
  • Fingertip ulcers prevented by bosentan.
  • Pulmonary hypertension treated with bosentan, sildenafil, prostacyclin analogs, sitaxentan, ambrisentan, or PDE5 inhibitors.
  • Interstitial lung fibrosis has limited response to cyclophosphamide; methotrexate may help skin fibrosis and arthritis.

Impact:

  • Provides clinicians with a guide to managing SSc complications.
  • Highlights the need for targeted therapies due to the lack of disease-modifying drugs.
  • Informs treatment strategies for improving patient quality of life in Systemic Sclerosis.