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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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What are Lipids?

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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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Cyclic phosphatidic acid - a unique bioactive phospholipid.

Yuko Fujiwara1

  • 1Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. yuko@physio1.utmem.edu

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|June 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclic phosphatidic acid (CPA), a lipid mediator, regulates cell cycle, neuronal survival, and inhibits cancer metastasis. Its actions often oppose those of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).

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Area of Science:

  • Lipid signaling
  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cyclic phosphatidic acid (CPA) is a naturally occurring analog of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).
  • CPA possesses a unique cyclic structure involving the sn-2 hydroxy group and sn-3 phosphate.
  • Its biological roles have garnered increasing attention since the early 1990s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on cyclic phosphatidic acid (CPA).
  • To elucidate the enzymatic formation, biological activities, and targets of CPA.
  • To explore metabolically stabilized CPA analogs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CPA actions.
  • Analysis of CPA's unique chemical structure.
  • Investigation of CPA's cellular functions and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • CPA regulates cell cycle, stress fiber formation, and neuronal cell differentiation/survival.
  • CPA's biological effects often counteract those of LPA, despite overlapping receptor activation.
  • Understanding CPA's importance in cellular functions is emerging.

Conclusions:

  • CPA is a significant lipid mediator with diverse cellular functions.
  • Further research into CPA, its analogs, and signaling pathways is warranted.
  • CPA presents potential therapeutic targets, particularly in oncology and neuroscience.