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Related Concept Videos

Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Children's active commuting to school: current knowledge and future directions.

Kirsten K Davison1, Jessica L Werder, Catherine T Lawson

  • 1Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, University at Albany, SUNY, One University Place, Rm 183, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA. kdavison@albany.edu

Preventing Chronic Disease
|June 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children who actively commute to school have better physical activity and cardiovascular fitness. Research identifies many factors influencing active commuting and evaluates programs like Safe Routes to School.

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Published on: February 25, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Public Health
  • Childhood Physical Activity
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Growing concern over declining physical activity in children globally.
  • Recognized health benefits of active commuting for children's well-being.
  • Rapid expansion of research on children's active commuting to school.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize research on predictors of children's active commuting.
  • To review the health consequences of active commuting for children.
  • To outline and evaluate programs promoting active commuting.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, National Transportation Library) up to June 2007.
  • Inclusion of program-based activities and relevant transportation journals.
  • Review focused on literature from the preceding four years.

Main Results:

  • Active commuters exhibit higher physical activity levels and improved cardiovascular fitness.
  • Identified predictors span demographic, individual, family, school, and environmental factors.
  • Programs like Safe Routes to School show positive stakeholder reception and impact on active commuting.

Conclusions:

  • Future promotion of active commuting requires building on existing research.
  • Integrating scientific rigor with intervention design is crucial for effective programs.
  • Broad and rapid dissemination of findings will facilitate future efforts.