Polyaniline-based fiber for headspace solid-phase microextraction of substituted benzenes determination in aqueous...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Benzene derivatives are common environmental pollutants.
• Accurate detection in water samples is crucial for environmental monitoring.
• Existing analytical methods may require improvement in sensitivity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and optimize a sensitive method for determining seven benzene derivatives in water.
• To utilize headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a polyaniline (PANI) fiber.
• To apply gas chromatography and a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for quantification.

Main Methods:

• HS-SPME using an electrochemically coated PANI fiber on stainless steel.
• Optimization of extraction parameters (temperature, time, stirring, salt, headspace volume) using Taguchi's L(16) orthogonal array.
• Analysis by GC-FID.

Main Results:

• Adsorption temperature and salt concentration identified as key factors.
• Optimized conditions: 20°C, 600 rpm stirring, 20 min extraction in NaCl-saturated water.
• Method demonstrated linearity over three orders of magnitude (0.1-100 µg/L) with high correlation coefficients (r² > 0.98).
• Low limits of detection (0.01-0.06 µg/L) and acceptable relative standard deviations (5.3-8.4%).

Conclusions:

• The developed HS-SPME-GC-FID method is effective for trace benzene derivative determination in water.
• The PANI fiber offers a promising alternative for analyte extraction.
• The method is suitable for analyzing real-world natural water samples.