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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Clinical Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment
04:57

Clinical Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment

Published on: April 26, 2024

Gout in the spotlight.

Alexander So

    Arthritis Research & Therapy
    |June 20, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Monosodium urate crystals rapidly upregulate innate immune genes in a mouse model, offering new insights into gouty inflammation. This research may reveal novel therapeutic targets for acute gout management.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

    Clinical Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment
    04:57

    Clinical Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment

    Published on: April 26, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Rheumatology

    Background:

    • Acute gout is characterized by inflammation triggered by monosodium urate crystals.
    • The inflammatory cytokine elaboration by monocytes and macrophages is known, but synovial tissue response requires further understanding.
    • Gene expression analysis in synovial lining cells can identify modulated genes.

    Discussion:

    • Monosodium urate crystals were introduced into a murine air-pouch model to study the tissue response.
    • Microarray analysis revealed rapid upregulation of several innate immune cell-expressed genes.
    • This highlights the dynamic molecular changes occurring in response to urate crystals.

    Key Insights:

    • Rapid upregulation of innate immune genes by monosodium urate crystals in vivo.
    • Identification of specific genes involved in the physiopathology of gouty inflammation.
    • Demonstration of a murine air-pouch model's utility in studying crystal-induced inflammation.

    Outlook:

    • These findings open new avenues for investigating gout's underlying mechanisms.
    • Potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets for acute gout.
    • Further research can elucidate the precise roles of upregulated genes in gout pathogenesis.