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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Retrograde Perfusion and Filling of Mouse Coronary Vasculature as Preparation for Micro Computed Tomography Imaging
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Published on: February 10, 2012

Nonenhanced MR angiography.

Mitsue Miyazaki1, Vivian S Lee

  • 1Department of MRI, Toshiba Medical Research Institute USA, 990 Corporate Woods Pkwy, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA. mmiyazaki@tams.com

Radiology
|June 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is regaining favor due to safety concerns with contrast agents. New and established techniques are reviewed for improved vascular imaging without exogenous materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Imaging

Background:

  • Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) has been preferred over nonenhanced MRA due to limitations like prolonged acquisition times and artifacts.
  • Recent technical advancements and safety concerns regarding gadolinium-based contrast agents have renewed interest in nonenhanced MRA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and emerging nonenhanced MR angiography techniques.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various nonenhanced MRA methods.
  • To provide recommendations for specific angiographic applications based on imaging contrast mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established nonenhanced MRA techniques: Time of Flight (TOF) and Phase Contrast (PC).
  • Discussion of new commercially available techniques: ECG-gated partial-Fourier fast spin-echo and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) with and without arterial spin labeling (ASL).
  • Consideration of challenges and solutions for these emerging methods.

Main Results:

  • Established TOF and PC methods have specific strengths and weaknesses.
  • Newer techniques like ECG-gated FSE and bSSFP offer potential improvements in speed and image quality.
  • Arterial spin labeling shows promise for nonenhanced MRA applications.

Conclusions:

  • Nonenhanced MRA techniques are evolving, offering viable alternatives to contrast-enhanced MRA.
  • Selection of the optimal nonenhanced MRA strategy depends on the specific clinical application.
  • Future developments aim for time-resolved, nonenhanced imaging to assess flow dynamics.