Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026
10:17
High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: April 23, 2019
Factors influencing the steroid profile in doping control analysis
Ute Mareck1, Hans Geyer, Georg Opfermann
1Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. u.mareck@biochem.dshs-koeln.de
Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS
|June 24, 2008
Summary
Steroid profiling detects anabolic steroid abuse in sports. Understanding factors influencing steroid profiles, including pharmaceutical, technical, and biological aspects, is crucial for accurate sports drug testing.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biochemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Steroid profiling is a key method for detecting steroid abuse in sports.
- The steroid profile encompasses numerous endogenous hormones, precursors, and metabolites, offering sensitivity to exogenous substances and biological variations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review factors influencing steroid profile patterns in sports drug testing.
- To highlight the importance of understanding these factors for accurate detection of doping and masking agents.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on steroid profiling.
- Analysis of pharmaceutical, technical, and biological factors affecting steroid profiles.
Main Results:
- Steroid profiles are sensitive to anabolic steroids, masking agents, and bacterial activity.
- Pharmaceutical applications, technical procedures (e.g., hydrolysis, derivatization), and biological factors (e.g., bacterial enzymes) significantly influence steroid profiles.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive knowledge of factors affecting steroid profiles is essential for effective sports drug testing.
- Addressing pharmaceutical, technical, and biological influences is critical for maintaining the integrity of steroid analysis.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological
Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
01:21Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
01:19Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors
Drug distribution in the human body is a complex process influenced by various individual factors, including age, pregnancy, obesity, diet, body water composition, pH levels, and specific disease conditions.
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
01:18Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors
Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In contrast,...
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In contrast,...
01:21Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Drugs
A drug's physicochemical properties fundamentally influence its metabolism. For instance, a drug's molecular size and shape critically determine its interaction with enzymes and transporters — larger drugs may face difficulty reaching enzyme active sites, altering their metabolic pathways. The pKa of a drug, which establishes its ionization state, can impact its solubility and absorption, thereby influencing metabolism.
The drug's acidity or basicity is essential in determining the metabolic...
The drug's acidity or basicity is essential in determining the metabolic...
01:29Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.