Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026
04:40
Impact of Common Fruit Juices and Toothbrushing on the Discoloration of Primary Teeth
Published on: March 27, 2026
Effect of fluoride containing bleaching agents on enamel surface properties
Hui-Ping Chen1, Chih-Han Chang, Jia-Kuang Liu
1Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Journal of Dentistry
|June 25, 2008
Summary
Fluoridated bleaching agents offer improved enamel protection during teeth whitening, showing less demineralization and no compromise on whitening effectiveness. This research highlights the benefits of incorporating fluoride into bleaching treatments.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Conservative Dentistry
Background:
- Dental bleaching is a popular cosmetic procedure.
- Concerns exist regarding potential enamel demineralization and microhardness reduction.
- Fluoride application is known to have protective effects on tooth enamel.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of fluoridated bleaching agents and post-bleaching fluoride treatments on enamel whitening and microhardness.
- To compare the effects of different fluoride concentrations within bleaching agents.
- To evaluate the surface morphology changes in bovine enamel after bleaching and fluoridation.
Main Methods:
- Bovine incisors were divided into five groups: control, carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching, CP with post-bleaching fluoride gel, CP with 0.11% fluoride, and CP with 0.37% fluoride.
- Bleaching treatments were applied for 14 days, followed by immersion in saliva for 2 weeks.
- Enamel microhardness, color changes, and surface morphology (SEM) were analyzed at various time points.
Main Results:
- All bleaching treatments increased enamel whiteness.
- Fluoridated bleaching agents (Groups 4 and 5) exhibited less demineralization compared to non-fluoridated agents (Groups 2 and 3).
- Enamel microhardness significantly decreased in non-fluoridated groups but was better preserved with fluoridated agents.
Conclusions:
- Fluoridated bleaching agents minimize surface demineralization and microhardness loss.
- Incorporating fluoride into bleaching agents does not hinder the whitening efficacy.
- Fluoride integration in bleaching protocols offers a promising approach for safer dental whitening.
Related Concept Videos
01:09Solubility Equilibria: Overview
When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...