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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...

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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Published on: September 18, 2016

[Inflammatory bowel diseases: an immunological approach].

Sofía E Sepúlveda1, Caroll J Beltrán, Alexis Peralta

  • 1Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Revista Medica De Chile
|June 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involve genetic factors and immune responses. Research into immunologic alterations and molecular pathways is key to developing better diagnostics and therapies for IBD.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are multifactorial intestinal disorders.
  • Genetic predispositions, including NOD2/CARD15 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms, may contribute to IBD development, potentially via infectious enterocolitis.
  • Understanding the specific immunologic alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying IBD pathogenesis is a critical research area.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the immunologic alterations and molecular factors involved in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases.
  • To elucidate the roles of intracellular and extracellular molecules, such as transcription factors and cytokines, in the inflammatory response within IBD.
  • To explore the T helper (Th) cell phenotypes (Th1, Th2, Th17) associated with distinct IBD subtypes.

Summary:

  • IBD pathogenesis involves genetic predisposition and dysregulated immune responses.
  • CD and UC exhibit distinct immune phenotypes, predominantly Th1 and Th2, respectively.
  • Emerging evidence links CD with the Th17 immune phenotype, highlighting the complexity of IBD immunology.

Impact:

  • Advances in understanding IBD immunology and molecular biology can lead to improved diagnostic tools.
  • This research is crucial for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • Identifying specific immune pathways offers potential targets for novel IBD treatments.