Humulus lupulus L. in Animal Nutrition: Phytochemical Profile, Bioactive Properties, and Applications as a Functional...

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Animal Nutrition
• Phytochemistry

Background:

• Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are rich in bioactive compounds like bitter acids and flavonoids.
• These compounds possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Potential exists for hops as a functional feed additive in animal production.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the phytochemical profile of Humulus lupulus.
• To synthesize in vivo evidence of its use as a feed additive in poultry, aquaculture, swine, and ruminants.
• To identify research gaps and regulatory hurdles.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of phytochemical composition and in vivo studies.
• Analysis of efficacy and safety data across different animal species.
• Identification of dose-dependent and compound-specific effects.

Main Results:

• Poultry: Microencapsulated β-acids improved feed conversion; lupulone reduced Clostridium perfringens.
• Aquaculture: Hop extract improved hepatic markers; hop acids increased body weight in tilapia.
• Swine: Granulated cones improved feed conversion; β-acids improved performance.
• Ruminants: Hop byproducts were tolerated but showed no consistent production benefits.

Conclusions:

• Hop-derived additives demonstrate variable efficacy influenced by dose, specific compound, and matrix.
• Standardized formulations, species-specific pharmacokinetic data, and safety assessments are crucial.
• Further research and regulatory dossiers are necessary for widespread adoption.