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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Saline Lavage for Sampling of the Canine Nasal Immune Microenvironment
04:35

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Published on: December 27, 2024

Canine histiocytic diseases.

Alastair R Coomer1, Julius M Liptak

  • 1University of Florida, FL, USA.

Compendium (Yardley, PA)
|June 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Canine histiocytic diseases encompass benign and malignant conditions. Differentiating these histiocytic cell proliferations requires careful clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Canine Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Canine histiocytic diseases are an emerging group of conditions.
  • These diseases involve abnormal proliferation of histiocytic cells.
  • Distinguishing between non-neoplastic and neoplastic forms is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the characteristics of various canine histiocytic diseases.
  • To detail the clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical differences.
  • To provide guidance on prognostic and therapeutic variations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinicopathologic findings.
  • Histologic examination of tissue samples.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis for cell markers.

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Main Results:

  • Defined characteristics for reactive histiocytosis (non-neoplastic).
  • Characterized benign cutaneous histiocytoma.
  • Differentiated localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma (malignant).

Conclusions:

  • Canine histiocytic diseases present a diagnostic challenge.
  • Clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features are key for differentiation.
  • Accurate diagnosis impacts prognosis and therapeutic strategies.