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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Structural neuroimaging in autism.

Michal Hrdlicka¹

¹Department of Child Psychiatry, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic. michal.hrdlicka@lfmotol.cuni.cz

Neuro Endocrinology Letters

|June 27, 2008

Summary

Autistic individuals often show differences in brain structure, including larger total brain, cerebellum, and caudate nucleus volumes, alongside a reduced corpus callosum area. Further research is needed for amygdala and hippocampus findings.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Neuroimaging

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
Structural neuroimaging, particularly Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), offers insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on structural brain abnormalities in autism.
To summarize findings from MRI studies on various brain regions in autistic individuals.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of existing structural neuroimaging studies.
Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data focusing on brain volumes and areas.

Main Results:

Autistic individuals exhibit larger total brain, cerebellar, and caudate nucleus volumes.

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A reduced corpus callosum area is observed in autism.

Inconsistent findings exist for amygdala and hippocampus volumes; no thalamic volume changes were detected.

Conclusions:

Structural brain differences are evident in autism, particularly in overall brain size and specific subcortical and cerebellar regions.
The corpus callosum shows reduced area in autistic individuals.
Further investigation is required to clarify structural findings in the amygdala and hippocampus.