Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

Coronavirus

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

Plague

Plague

Plague is a highly virulent zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus. This pathogen primarily circulates among rodent populations and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected fleas. Additional transmission routes include direct contact with infected animal tissue or inhalation of respiratory droplets from individuals with pneumonic plague. These multiple transmission pathways highlight the bacterium’s potential for rapid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Occupational Variation in Thyroid Cancer Incidence in the Nordic Countries.

Oncology and therapy·2026

Same author

Occupational Variation in the Incidence of Laryngeal Cancer in the Nordic Countries.

Oncology and therapy·2026

Same author

Health Care Policy Implementation Trial of Primary Human Papillomavirus-Based Cervical Screening in Denmark.

International journal of cancer·2026

Same author

Health care policy trial of primary human papillomavirus-based cervical screening in Denmark: Comparison of three triage algorithms.

International journal of cancer·2026

Same author

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ from childhood vaccinated women: The Trial23 cohort study.

Vaccine·2025

Same author

Association of sinonasal cancer incidence with occupation in the Nordic countries - elevated risk especially among woodworkers.

Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)·2025

Same journal

Fas-Ligand Mediated Apoptosis in Severe Sepsis and Shock.

Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases·2017

Same journal

Lipopolysaccharide-inducible Gene Expression Profile in Human Monocytes.

Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases·2017

Same journal

Fatal varicella pneumonia.

Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases·2015

Same journal

Wissler's Syndrome Associated with Parainfluenza 2 Infection.

Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases·2015

Same journal

Contamination of smears with "sergentella spiroides".

Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases·2015

Same journal

Recrudescent typhus: fluctuations in titers of complement-fixing and microagglutinating antibodies to rickettsia prowazeki in persons with a history of epidemic typhus.

Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Avian Influenza Surveillance with FTA Cards: Field Methods, Biosafety, and Transportation Issues Solved

Avian Influenza Surveillance with FTA Cards: Field Methods, Biosafety, and Transportation Issues Solved

Published on: August 2, 2011

The Spanish flu in Denmark.

Ida Viktoria Kolte¹, Peter Skinhøj, Niels Keiding

¹Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. i.v.kolte@pubhealth.ku.dk

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

|June 28, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spanish flu data from 1918-1920 offers insights for future pandemics. Analysis of Danish cases reveals a W-shaped mortality curve, with highest deaths in the very young and young adults.

More Related Videos

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

Published on: February 4, 2012

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Avian Influenza Surveillance with FTA Cards: Field Methods, Biosafety, and Transportation Issues Solved

Avian Influenza Surveillance with FTA Cards: Field Methods, Biosafety, and Transportation Issues Solved

Published on: August 2, 2011

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

High-throughput Detection Method for Influenza Virus

Published on: February 4, 2012

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Virology
Public Health

Background:

The H5N1 avian influenza virus's similarity to the Spanish flu virus (1918-1920) raises pandemic concerns.
Historical data from past influenza pandemics can inform current preparedness strategies.

Observation:

Analysis of Danish influenza data (1917-1921) examined incidence, cumulative, and age-specific mortality rates.
Over 900,000 individuals contracted influenza, with a 2% fatality rate during the 1918-1920 period.
An initial wave affected urban areas, sparing peripheral towns, with peak incidence in children aged 5-15.

Findings:

Influenza mortality exhibited a 'W' curve, with peaks in infants (0-1 year), young adults (20-34 years), and older adults (15-65 years).
Children aged 1-15 years experienced better outcomes, while the elderly showed some immunity.
The study highlights distinct age-related patterns in influenza incidence and mortality.

Implications:

Understanding historical influenza patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, is crucial for pandemic planning and resource allocation.
Further research into the protective factors for children and immunity in the elderly could inform targeted interventions.
This study underscores the value of historical epidemiological data in anticipating and mitigating future influenza outbreaks.