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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic01:25

Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic

The pharmacological actions of acetylcholine are elicited via its binding to two families of cholinergic receptors or cholinoceptors, namely, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and have five subtypes, M1–M5. All mAChR subtypes are activated by acetylcholine and blocked by the antagonist, atropine. 
The subtypes M1, M3, and M5 couple with the Gq subunit and activate the phospholipase C (PLC) activity, mobilizing intracellular Ca2+. Activation...
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents01:25

Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral bioavailability, and...
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking
10:34

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Published on: January 28, 2019

Trace amine associated receptor 1 and movement control.

Tatyana D Sotnikova1, Olesya I Zorina, Valentina Ghisi

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|July 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trace amine associated receptors (TAARs), especially TAAR1, are key to movement control. Research using dopamine deficiency models suggests TAAR1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Trace amine associated receptors (TAARs) are newly identified G protein-coupled receptors.
  • TAAR1 is activated by endogenous trace amines, amphetamines, and dopamine metabolites.
  • TAAR1's role in motor control and its potential therapeutic implications are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TAAR1 in regulating movement.
  • To explore the involvement of TAAR1 in the efficacy of antiparkinsonian drugs.
  • To assess TAAR1's function in a model of acute dopamine deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel mouse model of acute dopamine deficiency (DDD mice).
  • Employed TAAR1 knockout (TAAR1 KO) mice to assess TAAR1's specific function.
  • Examined the effects of TAAR1 modulation on motor behaviors and drug responses.

Main Results:

  • TAAR1 plays a significant role in mediating motor control.
  • TAAR1 influences the pharmacological actions of certain antiparkinsonian drugs.
  • DDD mice and TAAR1 KO mice exhibit distinct motor deficits, highlighting TAAR1's importance.

Conclusions:

  • TAAR1 is a critical regulator of motor function.
  • Targeting TAAR1 may offer novel therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease.
  • Further research into TAAR1 pharmacology could advance Parkinson's disease treatment.