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Celiac disease: from gluten to autoimmunity
Chiara Briani1, Diana Samaroo, Armin Alaedini
1Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Autoimmunity Reviews
|July 1, 2008
Summary
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in susceptible individuals, causing intestinal damage and extra-intestinal complications. Understanding its mechanisms may lead to new therapies beyond a gluten-free diet.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy) is a common autoimmune disorder.
- It is triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.
- The immune response involves both innate and adaptive immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the immunological and pathological characteristics of celiac disease.
- To highlight the clinical manifestations and complications.
- To discuss current and potential future therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on celiac disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
- Analysis of immunological markers, including antibodies and cytokine profiles.
- Pathological examination of intestinal biopsies.
Main Results:
- Characterized by anti-gluten and anti-transglutaminase 2 antibodies.
- Immune cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the small intestine.
- Leads to inflammation, villous atrophy, and crypt hyperplasia.
- Associated with diverse extra-intestinal manifestations.
Conclusions:
- Gluten-free diet remains the primary treatment.
- Further research into disease mechanisms is crucial for developing novel therapies.
- Improved understanding can expand treatment options for celiac disease patients.
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