Models of reactive oxygen species in cancer

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been observed in cancer, degenerative diseases, and other pathological conditions. ROS can stimulate cell proliferation, promote genetic instability, and induce adaptive responses that enable cancer cells to maintain their malignant phenotypes. However, when cellular redox balance is severely disturbed, high levels of ROS may cause various damages leading to cell death. The studies of ROS effects on biological systems, their underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications largely depend on proper experimental models. Here we review several in vitro and in vivo models for ROS research.