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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Pituitary stalk lesions.

Demetra Rupp1, Mark Molitch

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|July 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pituitary stalk lesions, often distinct from pituitary or hypothalamus issues, stem from congenital, inflammatory, or neoplastic causes. Identifying the precise cause is crucial for effective treatment and hormone replacement therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pituitary stalk pathology can present distinct from hypothalamic or pituitary diseases.
  • Lesions affecting the pituitary stalk require specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the varied etiologies of pituitary stalk lesions.
  • To outline diagnostic strategies for pituitary stalk abnormalities.
  • To discuss current treatment modalities for pituitary stalk pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pituitary stalk lesions.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for congenital, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic causes.
  • Synthesis of treatment outcomes and therapeutic recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Pituitary stalk lesions are categorized into congenital, inflammatory/infectious, and neoplastic types.
  • These lesions may be discovered incidentally or during investigations for pituitary dysfunction.
  • Pathological processes affecting the stalk are often unique and not directly indicative of broader hypothalamic or pituitary disease.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of pituitary stalk thickening is essential for appropriate management.
  • Therapeutic strategies must be tailored to the specific etiology.
  • Hormone replacement therapy is frequently a necessary component of patient care.