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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae
09:15

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

Published on: January 10, 2018

Automated macromolecular model building for X-ray crystallography using ARP/wARP version 7.

Gerrit Langer1, Serge X Cohen, Victor S Lamzin

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany.

Nature Protocols
|July 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

ARP/wARP software automates macromolecular model building in X-ray crystallography electron density maps. This 3D structure determination tool aids in studying complex assemblies and membrane proteins.

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Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
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Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

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Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules
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Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae
09:15

Combining X-Ray Crystallography with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering to Model Unstructured Regions of Nsa1 from S. Cerevisiae

Published on: January 10, 2018

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
11:20

Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

Published on: January 24, 2018

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules
07:11

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules

Published on: March 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Computational crystallography
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Advanced methods for 3D structure determination are crucial for structural genomics and studying complex macromolecular assemblies.
  • Macromolecular models are essential for understanding protein function and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present ARP/wARP 7.0, a software suite for automated macromolecular model building in X-ray crystallography.
  • To provide tools for reproducible and efficient 3D structure determination.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative protein model building with a decision-making control module.
  • Automated construction of protein secondary structures and flexible loops.
  • Automated ligand placement and identification of ordered water molecules.

Main Results:

  • ARP/wARP 7.0 offers automated tools for building macromolecular models.
  • The software includes features for iterative model building, secondary structure generation, and ligand placement.
  • Protocols are accessible via a graphical user interface or command line.

Conclusions:

  • ARP/wARP 7.0 facilitates automated and reproducible macromolecular model building.
  • The software supports the study of complex biological systems, including membrane proteins.
  • User-friendly interface and efficient processing enable nonexpert use.