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Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
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Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants
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Biosurfactants and aqueous two-phase fermentation.

C M Drouin1, D G Cooper

  • 1McGill University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|June 5, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surfactant partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems depends on charge, with synthetic surfactants showing stronger phase preference than biosurfactants. Two-phase fermentation enhanced surfactin production by Bacillus Subtilis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are used for bioparticle and biomolecule separation.
  • Understanding surfactant and biosurfactant partitioning is crucial for optimizing separation and production processes.
  • Bacillus Subtilis produces surfactin, a valuable biosurfactant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the partitioning behavior of synthetic surfactants and a biosurfactant-producing microorganism (Bacillus Subtilis) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran ATPS.
  • To determine the influence of charge, pH, and salt concentration on surfactant distribution within the ATPS.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of ATPS for enhanced biosurfactant (surfactin) production.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polyethylene glycol and dextran aqueous two-phase systems.
  • Studied the partitioning of cationic and anionic synthetic surfactants and the biosurfactant surfactin.
  • Investigated the partitioning of Bacillus Subtilis cells.
  • Performed batch fermentations in the ATPS and compared surfactin yield with conventional media.

Main Results:

  • Surfactant partitioning was governed by charge, with cationic surfactants favoring the bottom phase and anionic surfactants the top phase.
  • Increased phosphate molarity or pH enhanced the partitioning of synthetic surfactants.
  • Biosurfactant (surfactin) partitioning was weaker than synthetic surfactants due to lower effective charge and polymer affinity.
  • Bacillus Subtilis cells strongly partitioned to the bottom phase, while surfactin partitioned to the top phase.
  • Two-phase fermentation significantly increased surfactin production compared to standard mineral salt media.

Conclusions:

  • Charge is a primary determinant of surfactant partitioning in PEG-dextran ATPS.
  • ATPS can effectively separate Bacillus Subtilis cells from their produced biosurfactant, surfactin.
  • Utilizing ATPS for fermentation offers a promising strategy for enhanced biosurfactant production.