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Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

Evoking false beliefs about autobiographical experience.

Alan S Brown1, Elizabeth J Marsh

  • 1Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA. abrown@smu.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Laboratory exposure to photos can create false autobiographical beliefs. Participants mistakenly believed they visited locations after seeing them, especially mundane scenes, impacting memory research.

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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Studies
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Autobiographical memory is susceptible to distortions.
  • Laboratory settings can simulate real-world memory processes.
  • Understanding false beliefs is crucial for memory research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if laboratory procedures can induce false autobiographical beliefs.
  • To examine the effect of prior exposure on memory accuracy.
  • To explore factors influencing the creation of false memories.

Main Methods:

  • Participants viewed photographs of real-world locations in a laboratory setting.
  • Exposure frequency (zero, one, or two times) and delays (1 or 3 weeks) were manipulated.
  • Participants later rated their familiarity and belief of having visited pictured locations.

Main Results:

  • Prior exposure to location images increased beliefs of having visited them, even if never visited.
  • Mundane scenes elicited higher visit ratings than unique scenes.
  • Exposure frequency and delay did not significantly alter the effect for mundane vs. unique scenes.

Conclusions:

  • Laboratory procedures can effectively induce false autobiographical beliefs.
  • This method provides a tool for studying memory illusions.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the malleability of autobiographical memory.