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Effects of an attachment-based intervention on daily cortisol moderated by dopamine receptor D4: a randomized control

Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg1, Marinus H Van Ijzendoorn, Judi Mesman

  • 1Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands. bakermans@fsw.leidenuniv.nl

Development and Psychopathology
|July 9, 2008
PubMed

Insights

The Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) reduced children's daily cortisol. This effect was specific to children carrying the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 7-repeat allele.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Neuroendocrinology

Background:

  • High externalizing behavior in young children is linked to elevated stress responses.
  • Cortisol levels reflect the body's stress system activity.
  • Genetic variations can influence individual responses to interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) on children's daily cortisol production.
  • To investigate the moderating role of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) VNTR exon III polymorphism in the intervention's effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 130 families with 1- to 3-year-old children exhibiting high externalizing behavior.
  • Six home-based intervention sessions focused on maternal sensitivity and discipline.
  • Measurement of children's daily cortisol levels and genotyping for the DRD4 VNTR exon III polymorphism.

Main Results:

  • Children in the VIPP-SD intervention group exhibited lower daily cortisol levels compared to the control group.
  • The intervention's effect on cortisol reduction was moderated by the DRD4 VNTR exon III polymorphism.
  • VIPP-SD effectively decreased cortisol in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele, but not in those without it.

Conclusions:

  • The VIPP-SD intervention is effective in reducing physiological stress responses (cortisol) in young children.
  • Children's susceptibility to the VIPP-SD intervention is genetically moderated, specifically by the DRD4 7-repeat allele.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering genetic factors in tailoring parenting interventions for behavioral and stress-related outcomes.

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