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Related Experiment Videos

Pressure and flow-dependent vascular tone.

J A Bevan1, I Laher

  • 1Vermont Center for Vascular Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Vascular basal tone, essential for circulation, is maintained by physical forces like pressure and flow. These forces activate distinct cellular mechanisms, influencing smooth muscle tone independently.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Most small arteries exhibit partial constriction (basal tone), crucial for maintaining cardiac output and circulation.
  • This persistent tone remains after excluding neurogenic, metabolic, and hormonal influences.
  • Basal tone is influenced by physical forces: transmural pressure (stretch) and blood flow (shear stress).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contribution of mechanical forces (stretch and flow) to vascular basal tone.
  • To discuss the cellular mechanotransducing systems involved in sensing and responding to these forces.
  • To evaluate the roles of the endothelium and membrane potential in pressure- and flow-mediated tone.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vascular tone regulation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of cellular signaling pathways activated by physical forces.
  • Pharmacological evaluation of stretch/pressure- and flow-dependent vascular responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Pressure and flow activate distinct mechanotransducing systems in vascular smooth muscle.
    • Stretch/pressure effects involve extracellular calcium and protein kinase C activation.
    • Flow-dependent effects are sensitive to extracellular sodium gradients and may involve separate pathways.
    • Endothelial factors and voltage-gated calcium channels are not exclusively responsible for pressure/flow effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Vascular tone is regulated by distinct cellular mechanisms responding to pressure and flow.
    • These physical forces can independently influence smooth muscle tone.
    • Understanding these pathways is key to comprehending vascular homeostasis and disease.