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Rigid and remodelled: cerebrovascular structure and function after experimental high-thoracic spinal cord

A A Phillips1,2,3, N Matin4, B Frias1

  • 1International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

The Journal of Physiology
|December 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

High-thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant inward remodeling and stiffening of the middle cerebral artery in rats. This impairs cerebrovascular function, increasing stroke risk and cognitive decline in SCI patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • High-thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is linked to cerebrovascular issues like stroke and cognitive decline.
  • Impaired cerebral blood flow regulation is a critical clinical condition associated with SCI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of high-thoracic (T3) SCI on cerebrovascular structure and function.
  • To analyze molecular markers of profibrosis in the cerebral arteries following T3 SCI.

Main Methods:

  • Rats underwent complete T3 spinal cord transection or sham injury.
  • Middle cerebral artery (MCA) structure and function were assessed using ex vivo pressure myography.
  • Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate molecular markers.

Main Results:

  • T3-SCI induced inward remodeling in the MCA, reducing distensibility by 40% and trending towards reduced vasoconstrictive reactivity.
  • MCA exhibited increased collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β, and Angiotensin II receptor type 2, with decreased elastin.
  • Wall thickness increased and lumen diameter reduced post-T3 SCI, while myogenic tone and endothelium-dependent dilation remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • High-thoracic SCI leads to profibrosis and hypertrophic inward remodeling in the MCA.
  • These vascular changes result in increased arterial stiffness and potentially impaired reactivity.
  • These adaptations likely contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunction and clinical conditions observed in SCI patients.