Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Coulometry: Overview01:00

Coulometry: Overview

Coulometry is one of the rapid, most accurate, and precise analytical techniques that determine the quantity of an analyte by measuring the electrical charge needed for its complete electrolysis without using any analytical standards. The total charge passed during electrolysis correlates with the analyte amount by Faraday's laws of electrolysis. For accurate coulometric measurements, a charge equal to Faraday's constant multiplied by the number of electrons involved in the relevant...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Real-world use of submaximal doses of long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in patients with obesity: a prospective observational study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Gradient metapopulation microfluidic ecologies shape genetic and biofilm drivers of T4r phage resistance in E. coli.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026
Same author

Informational Memory Shapes Collective Behavior in Intelligent Swarms.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II Presenting with Severe Hyponatraemia and Autoimmune Bicytopaenia.

European journal of case reports in internal medicine·2026
Same author

Use of Ultrasound in Face and Neck Rejuvenation.

Facial plastic surgery : FPS·2026
Same author

Validation of a novel multi-luminance shape discrimination test for assessment of functional vision.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
08:01

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

Published on: May 12, 2020

Single molecule correlation spectroscopy in continuous flow mixers with zero-mode waveguides.

David Liao1, Peter Galajda, Robert Riehn

  • 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dliao@princeton.edu

Optics Express
|July 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Zero-Mode Waveguides combined with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy enable direct kinetic measurements in continuous flow. This technique overcomes signal compression issues, improving rate certainty in rapid mixing experiments.

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Mixers for Studying Protein Folding
12:42

Microfluidic Mixers for Studying Protein Folding

Published on: April 10, 2012

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
09:58

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Published on: May 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
08:01

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy

Published on: May 12, 2020

Microfluidic Mixers for Studying Protein Folding
12:42

Microfluidic Mixers for Studying Protein Folding

Published on: April 10, 2012

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
09:58

A Modular Microfluidic Technology for Systematic Studies of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Published on: May 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Zero-Mode Waveguides (ZMWs) were initially developed for Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) at high micromolar dye concentrations.
  • Traditional FCS methods face challenges with signal compression in continuous flow systems due to fluid transport.
  • Accurate kinetic rate measurements are crucial for understanding rapid biological and chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the integration of Zero-Mode Waveguides with FCS in a continuous flow mixer.
  • To assess the impact of ZMWs on FCS signal integrity under varying fluid velocities.
  • To establish the suitability of this combined approach for direct, time-resolved kinetic measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup combining ZMWs with FCS in a continuous flow microfluidic device.
  • Measurement of FCS signals at different channel velocities, up to approximately 17 mm/s.
  • Derivation of an analytic scaling relationship to quantify the effect of flow velocity on kinetic measurements.

Main Results:

  • The combination of ZMWs and FCS effectively prevents signal compression, even at high fluid velocities (up to ~17 mm/s).
  • A novel analytic scaling relationship was derived, linking flow velocity insensitivity to improved kinetic rate certainty.
  • The ZMW-FCS system demonstrates robustness and reliability in continuous flow conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Zero-Mode Waveguides significantly enhance the applicability of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy in rapid continuous flow systems.
  • This technological advancement allows for direct and accurate kinetic rate measurements, expanding the scope of FCS.
  • The developed method provides a powerful tool for studying fast reaction kinetics in microfluidic environments.