Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[<sup>18</sup>F]RO948 Tau PET in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease: associations with plasma p-tau 217, atrophy and cognition.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same author

Perceived educational needs in geriatric medicine of professionals: a multinational multilingual open online survey.

European geriatric medicine·2026
Same author

Grammatical complexity and productivity in written text in presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia: A repeated measures study.

International journal of speech-language pathology·2026
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Find-DLB: a naturalistic cohort of patients presenting with clinical features of dementia with Lewy bodies to a specialized cognitive clinic.

European geriatric medicine·2025
Same author

Perceptions of quality of life and the clinical learning environment: a cross-sectional study of four cohorts of health professions students.

BMC medical education·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Word sequence production in cognitive decline: forward ever, backward never.

Per Ostberg1, Sven-Erik Fernaeus, Nenad Bogdanovic

  • 1Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Instituter, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. per.ostberg@ki.se

Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology
|July 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Backward recall of word sequences aids in diagnosing cognitive decline. This simple test shows decreased speed in mild cognitive impairment and impaired speed/accuracy in dementia, offering a quick diagnostic tool.

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Declarative and working memory deficits are early signs of cognitive decline.
  • The diagnostic utility of backward word sequence recall in mild cognitive impairment and dementia is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnostic value of forward versus backward word sequence production in differentiating cognitive impairment stages.
  • To assess the utility of backward sequence recall for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia in Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed word sequence production (forward and backward recall of months) in 234 participants.
  • Participants were categorized into subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and mild dementia groups.
  • Compared performance across groups to determine diagnostic classificatory power.

Main Results:

  • Forward sequence production remained consistent across all participant groups.
  • Backward sequence production speed was significantly reduced in the mild cognitive impairment group.
  • Both speed and accuracy of backward sequence production were impaired in the mild dementia group.

Conclusions:

  • Backward word sequence production demonstrates significant diagnostic power for identifying mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
  • This method offers a time- and cost-efficient approach for dementia diagnosis.
  • Impaired backward recall is a sensitive indicator of early-stage cognitive decline.