Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance
08:45

Whole Genome Sequencing of Candida glabrata for Detection of Markers of Antifungal Drug Resistance

Published on: December 28, 2017

Resistance of clinically important yeasts to antifungal agents

F C Odds1

  • 1Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Janssen Research Foundation, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|February 1, 1996
PubMed

Insights

Antifungal resistance in Candida albicans is rising, particularly in HIV-positive patients with oral infections. Standardized testing now links in vitro resistance to clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for better surveillance.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Yeast antifungal resistance was historically a minor issue.
  • Increasing reports of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in HIV-positive patients with oral infections.
  • Standardized susceptibility testing has improved correlation between in vitro and in vivo yeast resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rising frequency of fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans.
  • To establish correlations between in vitro and in vivo resistance in the context of AIDS.
  • To identify mechanisms and inform strategies for managing and preventing antifungal resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Standardization of fluconazole susceptibility testing.
  • Clinical surveillance of oral infections in HIV-positive patients.
  • Analysis of resistance mechanisms, including efflux pumps and target overproduction.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrable correlations between in vitro and in vivo fluconazole resistance in AIDS patients.
  • Identification of multidrug resistance efflux pumps and target overproduction as key resistance mechanisms.
  • Increased frequency of resistant Candida albicans isolates in specific patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • Fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans is a growing clinical concern, especially in HIV/AIDS.
  • Standardized testing is crucial for predicting clinical outcomes of antifungal resistance.
  • Enhanced surveillance and management strategies are necessary to combat emerging resistance.

More Related Videos

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds08:54

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds

Published on: February 14, 2018

Bio-energetics Investigation of Candida albicans Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis08:48

Bio-energetics Investigation of Candida albicans Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis

Published on: March 19, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...