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The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
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Insulin-like factor 3 levels in second-trimester amniotic fluid.

Katrine Bay1, Arieh S Cohen, Finn Stener Jørgensen

  • 1University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, GR 5064, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. anna@rh.dk.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) is present in human male amniotic fluid during the second trimester, supporting its role in testicular descent. The hormone was undetectable in female fetuses, suggesting sex-specific functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) is crucial for testicular descent in animal models.
  • Human prenatal Insl3 production and its role in fetal development remain largely uninvestigated.
  • Testicular translocation occurs in the second trimester of human gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and levels of Insl3 in human amniotic fluid during the second trimester.
  • To analyze the relationship between Insl3 levels, testosterone, and gestational age in male and female fetuses.
  • To evaluate the potential role of prenatal Insl3 in human testicular descent.

Main Methods:

  • Amniotic fluid samples were collected from 91 pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis (15-25 weeks gestation).
  • Levels of Insl3 and testosterone (T) were measured in amniotic fluid.
  • Data were analyzed in relation to fetal sex and gestational age.

Main Results:

  • Insl3 was detected in amniotic fluid of most male fetuses but was undetectable in female fetuses.
  • Testosterone levels were significantly higher in male fetuses compared to female fetuses.
  • A borderline negative association was observed between Insl3 and gestational age in males, while female testosterone positively correlated with gestational age.

Conclusions:

  • Insl3 is present in human male amniotic fluid during the second trimester, coinciding with testicular translocation.
  • The absence of Insl3 in female amniotic fluid suggests a sex-specific role.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that Insl3 is essential for human testicular descent.