Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
Published on: September 15, 2023
Awake endoscopic thymectomy via an infrasternal approach using sternal lifting
I Matsumoto1, M Oda, G Watanabe
1General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa, Japan. mat@p2223.nsk.ne.jp
Abstract:
Recently, thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) has been employed to perform awake thoracic surgery procedures. This is the first report that describes an awake endoscopic thymectomy through an infrasternal approach using sternal lifting. This procedure allows the patient to eat, drink, and walk on the day of surgery. TEA can also be used for postoperative analgesia. Our experiences have shown that it is safe and beneficial to apply this procedure.
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