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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Pseudoexfoliation as a risk factor for prevalent open-angle glaucoma.

Curt Ekström1, Albert Alm

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. curt.ekstrom@akademiska.se

Acta Ophthalmologica
|July 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) is linked to open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in diagnosed patients. For new OAG cases, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a significant risk factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a significant risk factor for secondary glaucoma.
  • Understanding the interplay between PEX, intraocular pressure (IOP), and OAG is crucial for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
  • To evaluate the role of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) as a risk factor for OAG.
  • To determine the prevalence of OAG and PEX in an elderly population.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sweden (1984-86) involving 2429 residents aged 65-74 years.
  • Prevalence of OAG and PEX was estimated from a sample of 760 individuals and previously diagnosed glaucoma patients.
  • A review of prevalent cases was performed in 2006.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of OAG was 5.3%, with PEX found in 17.2% of the population sample.
  • PEX was associated with a 4.7-fold increased risk of OAG overall and a 16-fold increased risk in clinically diagnosed cases.
  • Elevated IOP (≥20 mmHg) was a significant risk factor (9.7-fold increased risk) for OAG in individuals without prior glaucoma diagnosis, while PEX alone was not.

Conclusions:

  • PEX is associated with OAG primarily in individuals with a prior diagnosis of the condition.
  • Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical risk factor for newly detected OAG in the general population.
  • Population-based studies are essential for understanding glaucoma risk factors in diverse populations.