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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera
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Semi-Automated Planimetric Quantification of Dental Plaque Using an Intraoral Fluorescence Camera

Published on: January 27, 2023

A periodic pattern generator for dental diversity.

Gareth J Fraser1, Ryan F Bloomquist, J Todd Streelman

  • 1School of Biology, Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA. gareth.fraser@biology.gatech.edu

BMC Biology
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodic patterning of teeth in Lake Malawi cichlids is driven by spatiotemporal gene expression. Developmental gene network variations explain the evolution of diverse dental patterns and trophic diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Periodic patterning is crucial for embryonic development, seen in structures like teeth and feathers.
  • While gene networks for patterning are known, the generation of diversity in these patterns remains unclear.
  • Lake Malawi cichlids offer a model for studying dental diversity, with species showing 1-20 tooth rows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying oral jaw dental diversity in Lake Malawi cichlids.
  • To understand how conserved gene networks generate diverse tooth row patterns.
  • To explore the role of developmental gene expression in the evolution of trophic novelty.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed expression of conserved genes (bmp2, bmp4, eda, edar, fgf8, pax9, pitx2, runx2, shh, wnt7b) in cichlid embryos.
  • Examined spatiotemporal gene expression patterns in three closely related Malawi cichlid species.
  • Used chemical knockdown to assess the role of hedgehog signaling and placode formation.

Main Results:

  • Spatiotemporal variations in gene expression correlate with adult morphological diversity in cichlid dentition.
  • Combinatorial expression of pitx2 and shh regulates tooth site and row competence.
  • Wnt7b and eda expression in inter-row regions likely control tooth spacing.
  • Hedgehog signaling and placode formation are essential for the cichlid dental patterning program.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated gene expression patterns, differing among species, prefigure tooth distribution, size, and spacing.
  • Variations in gene expression occur early in dental patterning development.
  • This study elucidates the organization of complex vertebrate dentition and how developmental gene network modifications drive evolutionary novelty.