Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

Overview
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fast Generation of F(Ab')<sub>2</sub> Fragments From Human IgG Using Fc-Fused IgG-Degrading Enzyme.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same author

Shaping T cell responses to factor VIII in hemophilia A with sialylated immunodominant peptides.

Haematologica·2026
Same author

Impact of heme on the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD20 antibodies.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Intracellular complement Factor H promotes tumor progression through modulation of cell cycle and actin cytoskeleton.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Novel assays to assess the prevalence and neutralizing potential of anti-IdeS antibodies in healthy humans.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

[A new role for antibodies in deep venous thrombosis].

Medecine sciences : M/S·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
10:24

Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 7, 2018

Functional variability of antibodies upon oxidative processes.

Jordan D Dimitrov1, Tchavdar L Vassilev, Sebastien Andre

  • 1Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free iron/heme can alter antibodies, potentially leading to autoimmune responses. This review explores the redox interactions influencing antibody function and antigen binding.

More Related Videos

Enabling Real-Time Compensation in Fast Photochemical Oxidations of Proteins for the Determination of Protein Topography Changes
07:38

Enabling Real-Time Compensation in Fast Photochemical Oxidations of Proteins for the Determination of Protein Topography Changes

Published on: September 1, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
10:24

Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 7, 2018

Enabling Real-Time Compensation in Fast Photochemical Oxidations of Proteins for the Determination of Protein Topography Changes
07:38

Enabling Real-Time Compensation in Fast Photochemical Oxidations of Proteins for the Determination of Protein Topography Changes

Published on: September 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Oxidative Stress

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for innate immunity but can cause damage when excessive.
  • Impaired antioxidant systems exacerbate ROS-induced damage and release of pro-oxidative free iron and heme.
  • Antibodies function at inflammatory sites, encountering ROS and redox-active compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interplay between redox-active agents and antibodies.
  • To discuss the biological significance of altered antibody binding specificities induced by redox agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating antibody modification by ROS, heme, and metal ions.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying the induction of new autoantigen binding specificities.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to heme, transition metal ions, or ROS can induce novel binding specificities in antibodies.
  • Free iron and heme act as pro-oxidative agents, contributing to cellular damage.
  • Antibodies may acquire autoantigen binding capabilities under oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

  • Redox-active agents significantly influence antibody structure and function.
  • The modification of antibodies by redox agents has implications for autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for comprehending immune defense and pathology.