Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 3, 2026

08:33
Detection of Extravascular Trypanosoma Parasites by Fine Needle Aspiration
Published on: August 7, 2019
Giant penoscrotal filariasis
M A Gafur1, J H Bhuiyan, T Zaman
1Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. drgafur11@yahoo.com
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|July 16, 2008
Summary
A patient with severe scrotal elephantiasis due to lymphatic filariasis underwent successful surgical treatment. The procedure involved scrotum excision and penile repositioning, followed by antibiotic therapy for the parasitic infection.
Area of Science:
- Tropical Medicine
- Parasitology
- Surgical Oncology
Background:
- Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating parasitic disease causing severe lymphedema.
- Scrotal elephantiasis can lead to significant physical and psychological distress, impacting livelihood and social interaction.
Observation:
- A 42-year-old male presented with a 4-year history of massive scrotal enlargement (36-inch diameter, 40 kg), diagnosed as lymphatic filariasis.
- The patient experienced functional impairment and social withdrawal due to the condition.
Findings:
- Surgical intervention included ligation of spermatic cords, scrotal excision with testicles, and penile repositioning (Fleying procedure).
- Histopathology confirmed scrotal elephantiasis. Post-operative recovery was uneventful, with Doxycycline prescribed for 8 weeks to target symbiotic bacteria in filarial worms.
Implications:
- This case highlights the successful surgical management of extreme scrotal elephantiasis caused by lymphatic filariasis.
- Effective treatment strategies combining surgery and targeted antibiotic therapy are crucial for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Related Concept Videos
American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Giardiasis
Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Anthelminthic Agents
Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

