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Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (oSLO) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
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Optical methods.

Christoph Bremer1

  • 1Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, University Hospital, Münster, Germany. bremerc@uni-muenster.de

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed strategies for fluorescent probes to enhance signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in molecular imaging. These probes are activated by specific triggers, like proteolytic degradation, significantly amplifying fluorescence signals for better detection.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Optical Imaging

Background:

  • Molecular imaging demands high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for accurate target detection.
  • Current optical imaging techniques benefit from enhanced fluorescent probes.
  • Fluorescent probes are often quenched in their native state and activated for signal generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore strategies for designing fluorescent probes that maximize SNRs in molecular imaging.
  • To present methods for activating fluorescent probes, leading to significant signal amplification.
  • To review various fluorescence signal amplification techniques for optical imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Designing quenched fluorescent probes activated by specific molecular events (e.g., proteolytic degradation, hybridization).

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  • Utilizing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for signal quenching and dequenching mechanisms.
  • Developing diverse probe architectures, including small molecules, oligonucleotides, and nanoparticles.

    • Main Results:

    • Activated probes demonstrate a significant increase in fluorescence signal upon cleavage or hybridization.
    • Strategies effectively amplify fluorescence signals, improving SNR for optical imaging.
    • A range of probe designs, from small molecules to nanoparticle-based systems, are presented.

    Conclusions:

    • Fluorescent probe design is crucial for achieving high SNRs in molecular imaging.
    • Activation strategies, such as proteolytic cleavage, lead to substantial fluorescence signal amplification.
    • Diverse sensing mechanisms and probe formats offer versatile solutions for optical imaging applications.