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Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Riboswitches

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...

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mRNA cap binding proteins: effects on abscisic acid signal transduction, mRNA processing, and microarray analyses.

J M Kuhn¹, V Hugouvieux, J I Schroeder

¹Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

|July 18, 2008

Summary

Plant RNA binding proteins CBP20 and CBP80 are crucial for abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and development. Mutations reveal their roles in gene splicing, antisense transcript regulation, and flowering time control.

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RNA Blot Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Plant MicroRNAs

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Published on: July 11, 2020

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates growth and development.
Genes involved in RNA metabolism are linked to ABA signal transduction.
Nuclear mRNA cap binding proteins (CBP20 and CBP80) are key players in these processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of CBP20 and CBP80 in ABA signaling and RNA processing.
To analyze the effects of mutations in CBP genes on plant development and gene expression.
To elucidate the function of CBP proteins in cellular signal transduction networks.

Main Methods:

Analysis of ABA hypersensitive 1 (abh1) mutant with Arabidopsis CBP80 gene disruption.
Investigation of cis-natural antisense transcripts (cis-NATs) at the CONSTANS locus.
Examination of MADS box transcription factor Flowering Locus C pre-mRNA splicing.
Complementation assays with site-directed cpb20 mutants.

Main Results:

The abh1 mutant exhibits early flowering and altered cis-NAT expression.
CBP80 influences splicing of Flowering Locus C pre-mRNA, affecting flowering time.
CAP binding activity of CBP20 is essential for associated phenotypes.
Mutants in RNA processing genes offer insights into RNA metabolism and signal transduction.

Conclusions:

CBP20 and CBP80 are critical regulators of ABA signaling and plant development.
RNA processing pathways are intricately linked to hormone signaling.
Studying RNA processing mutants is a powerful approach to uncover novel regulatory mechanisms.