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Related Concept Videos

Ions, Molecules, and Compounds01:23

Ions, Molecules, and Compounds

Ions - When an atom participates in a chemical reaction that results in the donation or acceptance of one or more electrons, the atom becomes positively or negatively charged. This frequently happens for most atoms to have a full valence shell. This can happen either by gaining electrons to fill a shell that is more than half-full or by giving away electrons to empty a shell that is less than half-full, thereby leaving the next smaller electron shell as the new, full valence shell. An atom with...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:10

Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Molecular compounds or covalent compounds result when atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds. Since there is no electron transfer, molecular compounds do not contain ions; instead, they consist of discrete, neutral molecules.
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Molecular anions.

Jack Simons1

  • 1Chemistry Department, Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, UniVersity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|July 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular anions are explored through advanced experimental and theoretical methods. This study details challenges and findings for various anion types, including dipole-bound and biological anions.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research
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Published on: April 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The study of molecular anions has rapidly advanced over the last 40 years.
  • Progress in experimental techniques and theoretical calculations has driven this growth.
  • New methods allow for higher accuracy and the study of metastable states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss experimental and theoretical challenges in studying molecular anions.
  • To provide an overview of results from various research groups.
  • To highlight novel, interesting, and important characteristics of different anion classes.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced experimental techniques for anion generation and detection.
  • Sophisticated theoretical calculations for electronic structure and dynamics.
  • Laser spectroscopy and ion-optics for detailed analysis.

Main Results:

  • Overview of results for dipole-bound, zwitterion-bound, double-Rydberg, multiply charged, metastable, cluster-based, and biological anions.
  • Emphasis on structural, energetic, spectroscopic, and reactivity properties.
  • Integration of experimental findings with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental and theoretical advancements have significantly enhanced the study of molecular anions.
  • Diverse classes of molecular anions exhibit unique and important characteristics.
  • This field continues to be a vibrant area of research with broad implications.