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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

Working memory in children: a time-constrained functioning similar to adults.

Sophie Portrat1, Valérie Camos, Pierre Barrouillet

  • 1Université de Bourgogne, LEAD-CNRS UMR 5022, Dijon, France. Sophie.Portrat@u-bourgogne.fr

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|July 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Working memory mechanisms are time-constrained even in childhood. Longer processing times during tasks negatively impact memory recall in 10-year-olds, similar to adults.

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model posits that working memory (WM) mechanisms are time-constrained.
  • Previous research on TBRS primarily focused on adult populations, leaving developmental aspects unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and functionality of time-constrained working memory mechanisms in pre-adults.
  • To determine if the duration of attentional capture during processing affects memory maintenance in children.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments utilized computer-paced working memory span tasks with 10-year-old participants.
  • Participants were required to maintain letter information while simultaneously performing spatial location judgments.
  • Processing duration was manipulated by altering target location discriminability and target-background contrast.

Main Results:

  • Increased processing times led to significantly poorer recall performance in children.
  • This finding mirrors previously observed effects in adult working memory studies.
  • The duration of attentional capture directly impacts the ability to maintain information in working memory.

Conclusions:

  • The core time-constrained mechanisms of working memory, as described by the TBRS model, are functional in childhood.
  • These findings indicate that fundamental working memory processes are established before adulthood.
  • Supports the universality of time-based resource limitations in working memory across different age groups.