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Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
11:49

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Published on: March 8, 2019

Biodegradable injectable polyurethanes: synthesis and evaluation for orthopaedic applications.

Raju Adhikari1, Pathiraja A Gunatillake, Ian Griffiths

  • 1PolyNovo Biomaterials Limited, Bayview Avenue, Clayton South 3169, Victoria, Australia. raju.a@polynovo.com

Biomaterials
|July 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New biodegradable polyurethanes using polyester polyols and ethyl lysine diisocyanate were developed for orthopaedic tissue engineering. These materials showed excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and promising degradation profiles in vivo.

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The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing
04:46

The Quantification of Injectability by Mechanical Testing

Published on: May 13, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Orthopaedic Applications

Background:

  • Biodegradable polyurethanes are crucial for tissue engineering scaffolds and medical implants.
  • Injectable or preformed scaffolds require advanced material properties for successful integration.
  • Existing materials may lack the specific mechanical and degradation characteristics needed for orthopaedic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate and characterize novel cross-linked biodegradable polyurethanes for orthopaedic applications.
  • To evaluate the mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of these polyurethanes.
  • To assess the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and degradation behavior, including the effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) incorporation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two-part injectable prepolymer systems (A and B) based on polyester star polyols (pentaerythritol-based) and ethyl lysine diisocyanate (ELDI).
  • Prepared cross-linked polyurethanes (porous and non-porous) by mixing and curing prepolymers A and B, with and without β-TCP.
  • Evaluated mechanical properties (compressive strength, modulus), thermal properties, in vitro degradation (PBS, 37°C, pH 7.4), and in vivo degradation (sheep model).

Main Results:

  • Cured polyurethanes exhibited high compressive strength (100-190 MPa) and modulus (1600-2300 MPa).
  • Incorporation of β-TCP improved mechanical properties and retarded both in vitro and in vivo degradation.
  • In vivo studies showed no adverse tissue response, with evidence of new bone growth and gradual polymer degradation over 6 months.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biodegradable polyurethanes demonstrate excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility for orthopaedic applications.
  • The materials are suitable for both injectable and preformed scaffolds, showing promising degradation and new bone formation.
  • β-TCP incorporation enhances mechanical properties and modulates degradation, offering a tunable approach for tailored biomaterial design.