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Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Rabies-free status of the Czech Republic after 15 years of oral vaccination.

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)·2008
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Molecular epidemiology of rabies viruses in Europe.

Developments in biologicals·2006
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Elimination of rabies in the Czech Republic.

Developments in biologicals·2006
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[Annual testing of immunity in foxes after oral rabies immunization].

Veterinarni medicina·1996
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[The campaign against rabies--history and the present state].

Epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie : casopis Spolecnosti pro epidemiologii a mikrobiologii Ceske lekarske spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne·1996
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[The occurrence of rabies in bats in the Czech Republic].

Epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie : casopis Spolecnosti pro epidemiologii a mikrobiologii Ceske lekarske spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne·1995

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A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
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Published on: November 29, 2024

The rabies situation in Eastern Europe.

O Matouch1

  • 1State Veterinary Institute, Praha, Czech Republic. matouch@volny.cz

Developments in Biologicals
|July 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Rabies remains a concern in Central and Eastern Europe, primarily affecting wild animals like red foxes. While oral vaccination shows promise, some regions, particularly the Baltics, face ongoing challenges in rabies control.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Public Health
  • Zoonotic Disease Epidemiology
  • Wildlife Disease Management

Background:

  • Rabies poses a significant public health and animal health challenge in Central and Eastern Europe.
  • The region encompasses 19 countries with a total area exceeding 2.5 million km².
  • Understanding the current epidemiological status is crucial for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the rabies situation in Central and Eastern Europe.
  • To identify key vectors, affected animal populations, and geographical hotspots.
  • To assess the impact of control measures, such as oral vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Data compilation on rabies cases registered in 2005 and 2006 across 19 countries.

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Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses

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  • Analysis of rabies distribution in domestic animals, wild animals (including bats), and humans.
  • Assessment of the role of specific vectors, notably red foxes and raccoon dogs.
  • Review of oral vaccination program implementation and outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • In 2005, 6,500 rabies cases were recorded, with 69% in wild animals and 31% in domestic animals.
    • The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was the primary vector (50% incidence), with raccoon dogs significant in the Baltics.
    • Human rabies cases were rare (2 in Belarus, 2006), but approximately 40,000 post-exposure treatments were administered annually.
    • Oral vaccination is employed in 10 countries with positive outcomes; two countries are rabies-free.

    Conclusions:

    • Rabies control efforts are yielding positive results in some Central and Eastern European countries.
    • Persistent challenges remain in the Baltics, eastern neighboring countries, and parts of the Balkans.
    • Continued surveillance, legislative frameworks, and coordinated vaccination strategies are essential for regional rabies elimination.