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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

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Quantitation of Rabies Virus in Various Bovine Brain Structures
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Quantitation of Rabies Virus in Various Bovine Brain Structures

Published on: May 22, 2021

Rabies control in Mexico.

C H Alvarez Lucas1, F Vargas Pino, G Baer

  • 1Prevention Programs General Direction, México. zoonosis@podernet.com.mx

Developments in Biologicals
|July 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mexico

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Canine rabies was historically absent in the Americas prior to European arrival.
  • Annual dog vaccinations remained below one million until the 1990s, with consistent rabies incidence in animals and humans.
  • Dog-mediated rabies posed a significant public health concern in Mexico for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a national mass dog vaccination program on rabies control in Mexico.
  • To assess the effectiveness of modern canine rabies vaccines in reducing disease transmission.
  • To document the reduction in canine and human rabies cases following the implementation of the control program.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a national rabies control program in Mexico starting in 1990, featuring mass parenteral vaccination of dogs.
  • Utilization of modern cell culture-based inactivated rabies virus vaccines adhering to World Health Organization (WHO) standards (minimum 2 IU antigen content).
  • Annual monitoring of vaccinated dog populations, vaccine potency testing, and tracking of rabies cases in dogs and humans from 1990 to 2005.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination coverage rapidly increased from approximately 7 million dogs in 1990 to over 15 million by 2005.
  • Over 150 million vaccine doses were administered between 1990 and 2005, with all lots tested for potency (ranging from 3.28 to 5.59 IU).
  • Dog-mediated human rabies cases plummeted from 60 in 1990 to zero by 2000.
  • Rabies cases in dogs dramatically decreased from 3,049 in 1990 to 70 in the final year of the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Mass vaccination campaigns using potent canine rabies vaccines are highly effective in controlling and eliminating dog-mediated rabies.
  • The Mexican national rabies control program successfully eradicated dog-mediated rabies, significantly improving public health.
  • Sustained high vaccination coverage and quality-controlled vaccines are crucial for long-term rabies prevention in canine populations.