Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 3, 2026
14:55
Production and Purification of Non Replicative Canine Adenovirus Type 2 Derived Vectors
Published on: December 3, 2013
An update on canine coronaviruses: viral evolution and pathobiology
Nicola Decaro1, Canio Buonavoglia
1Department of Public Health and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bari, Strada per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy. n.decaro@veterinaria.uniba.it
Veterinary Microbiology
|July 19, 2008
Summary
Recent canine coronavirus (CCoV) evolution has led to new genotypes and diseases in dogs. Understanding these animal coronaviruses (CoVs) is crucial for canine health and preventing zoonoses.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Zoonotic Disease Research
Background:
- Animal coronaviruses (CoVs) are increasingly recognized as zoonotic agents.
- Canine coronavirus (CCoV) has been known since the 1970s for causing mild enteritis.
- Recent discoveries highlight novel CoV strains in dogs with distinct properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the recent genetic evolution of canine coronaviruses (CCoVs).
- To discuss the emergence of new CoVs in the dog population.
- To evaluate the implications for canine health and prophylaxis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current scientific publications.
- Analysis of genetic data on emerging canine CoV strains.
- Epidemiological surveillance data interpretation.
Main Results:
- Identification of new canine CoV genotypes (e.g., CCoV type I).
- Emergence of distinct pathotypes, such as pantropic CCoV.
- Recognition of new host variants, including canine respiratory coronavirus.
Conclusions:
- Canine CoVs evolve through genetic mutations, leading to new viral forms.
- These evolutionary changes necessitate a re-evaluation of canine CoV-induced diseases.
- New insights are vital for improving canine health strategies and disease prevention programs.
Related Concept Videos
00:36Viral Mutations
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
01:29Coronavirus
Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
01:21Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
01:28Rabies
Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
01:20Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence
Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...