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Antimicrobial photodynamic action on dentin using a light-emitting diode light source.

Juçaíra S M Giusti1, Lourdes Santos-Pinto, Antonio C Pizzolito

  • 1Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery
|July 22, 2008
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Summary

Toluidine blue O (TBO) and Photogem, activated by red light-emitting diodes (LEDs), effectively reduced bacteria in carious dentin. TBO at 0.1 mg/mL with 48 J/cm² showed the greatest bacterial reduction, despite higher toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Research
  • Photodynamic Therapy
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Dental caries is a prevalent oral disease.
  • Antimicrobial strategies are crucial for caries management.
  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a light-activated antimicrobial approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate two photosensitizers, Photogem and toluidine blue O (TBO), activated by red light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
  • To assess their efficacy in decontaminating carious bovine dentin.
  • To investigate the influence of different photosensitizer concentrations and light doses on bacterial reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine incisor dentin samples were artificially infected with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans.
  • Samples were treated with varying concentrations of Photogem (hematoporphyrin derivative) and TBO (basic dye).
  • Photosensitizers were activated using red LEDs at two different light exposure times (60s and 120s), delivering 24 J/cm² and 48 J/cm² respectively.

Main Results:

  • Both Photogem and TBO, when activated by LEDs, demonstrated effectiveness in reducing bacterial load in carious dentin.
  • The highest efficacy was observed with TBO (0.1 mg/mL) at a light dose of 48 J/cm², significantly reducing S. mutans and L. acidophilus.
  • TBO exhibited higher overall and phototoxicity compared to Photogem.

Conclusions:

  • LED-activated PDT with Photogem and TBO is a viable method for carious dentin decontamination.
  • TBO at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and a light dose of 48 J/cm² is particularly effective.
  • A mathematical model was proposed to describe the photodynamic effect based on photosensitizer concentration and light dose.