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The Thyroid Gland

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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Ectopic pituitary fossa thyroid tissue.

Q Malone¹, J Conn, M Gonzales

¹Department of Neurosurgery, The Melbourne Neuroscience Centre, Melbourne, Australia.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

|July 1, 1997

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a rare case of ectopic thyroid tissue found in the pituitary fossa and sphenoid sinus, alongside a lingual thyroid. The anomaly is linked to early developmental processes during Rathke

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Developmental Biology
Anatomical Pathology

Background:

Thyroid developmental anomalies can lead to ectopic glandular tissue.
Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur in various locations, impacting endocrine function.
Understanding these anomalies is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a unique case of ectopic thyroid tissue.
To describe the specific location: pituitary fossa and sphenoid sinus, with a concurrent lingual thyroid.
To postulate the embryological origin of this rare presentation.

Main Methods:

Case report and literature review.
Histopathological examination of the ectopic tissue.
Embryological analysis of thyroid development.

Main Results:

A unique case of ectopic thyroid tissue was identified within the pituitary fossa and sphenoid sinus.
The patient also presented with a lingual thyroid gland.
The ectopic tissue exhibited characteristic thyroid follicular structures.

Conclusions:

This case highlights a rare anatomical variation in thyroid development.
The proposed aetiology involves the ascent of primitive thyroid endoderm during Rathke's pouch formation.
Further research into developmental pathways can elucidate such rare ectopic presentations.