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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: January 15, 2013

Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Richard F Spaide¹, Hideki Koizumi, Maria C Pozzoni

¹Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York 10022, USA. rickspaide@yahoo.com

American Journal of Ophthalmology

|July 22, 2008

Summary

A new spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) method enables detailed imaging of the choroid without pupil dilation. This technique provides reliable choroidal thickness measurements, improving visualization of this crucial eye structure.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Imaging
Retinal Imaging

Background:

The choroid, a vascular layer of the eye, is crucial for retinal health but challenging to image with conventional methods.
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a standard imaging technique in ophthalmology.
Accurate measurement of choroidal thickness is important for diagnosing and monitoring various ocular conditions.

Observation:

A novel method using conventional SD-OCT was developed to image the choroid by positioning the device to achieve an inverted fundus representation.
Images were acquired from healthy volunteers without pupillary dilation, focusing on a region centered on the fovea.
Choroidal thickness measurements were performed by independent observers on averaged scan sections.

Findings:

The developed method successfully produced measurable choroidal images in all subjects.
Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured at 318 microm (right eye) and 335 microm (left eye).
High correlations were observed between fellow eyes (r = 0.82) and between independent observers (r > 0.93), indicating excellent reproducibility and reliability.

Implications:

This technique offers a non-invasive, clinically practical approach for detailed choroidal imaging.
It facilitates accurate choroidal thickness assessment, potentially aiding in the early detection and management of choroidal diseases.
The method enhances the diagnostic capabilities of SD-OCT for structures previously difficult to visualize.