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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Temporal and spatial control following bilateral versus unilateral training.

S McCombe Waller¹, W Liu, J Whitall

¹University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, 100 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. smccombewaller@som.umaryland.edu

Human Movement Science

|July 22, 2008

Summary

Bilateral Arm Training with Rhythmic Auditory Cueing (BATRAC) improved bilateral arm reaching more than Dose Matched Therapeutic Exercises (DMTE). Task-specific training demonstrated that BATRAC enhanced bilateral movements, while DMTE improved unilateral movements in stroke survivors.

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Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: July 10, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: July 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Neurorehabilitation
Motor Control and Learning
Biomechanics

Background:

Stroke survivors often experience upper extremity motor deficits.
Current rehabilitation protocols increasingly incorporate motor control principles like bilateral coordination and task-specificity.
Standardized tests often report composite scores, potentially masking specific motor control changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the effects of Bilateral Arm Training with Rhythmic Auditory Cueing (BATRAC) and Dose Matched Therapeutic Exercises (DMTE) on upper extremity motor control in stroke survivors.
To investigate task-specificity of training protocols by assessing bilateral and unilateral arm reaching.
To determine if kinematic measures capture motor control changes missed by traditional assessments.

Main Methods:

A sub-study of a randomized controlled trial comparing BATRAC and DMTE.
Participants (n=18) received 18 sessions of 20-minute training over 6 weeks.
Assessment included bilateral and unilateral arm reaching kinematics and standardized tests (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity, Wolf Motor Arm Test).

Main Results:

BATRAC group showed faster bilateral reaching, increased peak acceleration, fewer movement units, and smoother hand paths.
BATRAC demonstrated greater improvements in movement units and hand path smoothness for bilateral reaching compared to DMTE.
DMTE group showed faster paretic arm reaching in unilateral tasks, but overall improvements were not significantly greater than BATRAC.
Task-specific improvements were observed: BATRAC enhanced bilateral reaching, DMTE enhanced unilateral reaching.

Conclusions:

Reaching analysis reveals task-specificity in upper extremity training for stroke survivors.
BATRAC is more effective for improving bilateral arm coordination and reaching.
DMTE shows benefits for unilateral reaching, particularly for the paretic arm.
Kinematic measures of temporal/spatial control provide functionally relevant insights into motor recovery beyond composite scores.