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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Published on: January 9, 2015

TNF-alpha polymorphisms are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Ana Gabriela Hounie1, Carolina Cappi, Quirino Cordeiro

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil. anah@protoc.com.br

Neuroscience Letters
|July 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFA) gene promoter region are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study found associations between specific TNFA polymorphisms and OCD in a Brazilian sample, suggesting an immune system connection.

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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

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Published on: January 9, 2015

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shows evidence of immune system involvement, with higher prevalence in rheumatic fever (RF) patients.
  • Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), a proinflammatory cytokine, is implicated in RF and autoimmune diseases.
  • TNFA gene promoter polymorphisms are associated with RF, prompting investigation into their role in OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNFA gene and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Main Methods:

  • Examined two TNF A gene promoter polymorphisms: -308 G/A and -238 G/A.
  • Analyzed allelic and genotypic frequencies in 111 OCD patients and 250 controls.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between the A allele of the -238 G/A polymorphism and OCD (p=0.0005).
  • The A allele of the -308 G/A polymorphism was also significantly associated with OCD (p=0.007).
  • A significant association was observed for the A-A haplotype of these two markers (p=0.0099 after correction).

Conclusions:

  • The study identified an association between the -308 G/A and -238 G/A TNF A polymorphisms and OCD in a Brazilian population.
  • Further replication studies with larger, diverse samples are recommended to confirm these findings.