Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An autoinflammatory RIG-I variant causing Singleton-Merten syndrome associates with small non-coding Y-RNAs.

Discovery immunology·2026
Same author

USP24 is a cross-reactive DUB targeting MOV10 to regulate IFN-I production.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

From Mission to Margin in Academic Medicine - The Impact of Corporate Medicine on Medical Training.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Stabilizing and strengthening the US physician-scientist faculty workforce in academic medicine: a proposed institutional framework.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Protocol to uncover the protein interactome of small non-coding vault RNAs through RNA antisense purification coupled to mass spectrometry.

STAR protocols·2026
Same author

Correction: Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation.

PLoS pathogens·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

The known unknowns of antigen processing and presentation.

Jatin M Vyas1, Annemarthe G Van der Veen, Hidde L Ploegh

  • 1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|July 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Understanding antigen processing and presentation pathways in dendritic cells is key. Emerging research suggests cellular machineries like autophagy play a role, but their exact mechanisms require further investigation.

More Related Videos

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
13:18

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

Published on: December 29, 2012

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells
13:18

Artificial Antigen Presenting Cell (aAPC) Mediated Activation and Expansion of Natural Killer T Cells

Published on: December 29, 2012

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigen processing and presentation pathways are established.
  • Dendritic cell pathways are regulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and feature unique processes like cross-presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the poorly understood mechanisms of subcellular antigen trafficking in antigen presentation.
  • To highlight emerging themes in antigen processing and presentation that warrant further research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent data and literature on antigen processing and presentation pathways.
  • Focus on the role of cellular machineries, including autophagy, in antigen presentation.

Main Results:

  • While core pathways are known, the precise subcellular trafficking of antigens remains unclear.
  • Autophagy and other cellular machineries are implicated in antigen processing and presentation, but their specific contributions are not fully defined.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms of antigen trafficking.
  • The relative contributions of various cellular machineries, such as autophagy, to antigen processing and presentation require detailed investigation.