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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
10:51

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

Palmar arch dynamics during reach-to-grasp tasks.

Archana P Sangole1, Mindy F Levin

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada. archana.sangole@polymtl.ca

Experimental Brain Research
|July 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hand shape modulation during grasping begins early, with palmar arch movement often preceding finger joint movement. This suggests prehensile actions are planned concurrently with arm transport.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • The relationship between arm transport and grip aperture scaling is key to understanding reaching and grasping control.
  • The palmar concavity's role in hand shape modulation during grasping has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether hand shape modulation during power grasps initiates at the palmar level or finger joints.
  • To analyze hand shape modulation during spherical and cylindrical grasps in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy adults performed spherical and cylindrical power grasps.
  • Palmar arch movement was analyzed during arm transport, hand preshaping, and object contact phases.
  • Kinematics of palmar arch and finger joints (metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal) were recorded.

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Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
10:51

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace
09:11

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace

Published on: August 8, 2019

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping
09:41

Estimation of Contact Regions Between Hands and Objects During Human Multi-Digit Grasping

Published on: April 21, 2023

Main Results:

  • Palmar arch kinematics significantly changed during arm transport for both grasp types (spherical 47.4%, cylindrical 63.7%).
  • Cylindrical grasps showed 16% more palmar modulation than spherical grasps, with less modulation during preshaping and contact.
  • Palmar and finger joint movements initiated almost simultaneously with arm transport, with palmar arch movement preceding finger joint movement in most cases (60-75%).

Conclusions:

  • Hand shape modulation begins early in the reach-to-grasp task, often initiated at the palmar level.
  • Grasping phases (transport, preshaping, contact) occur concurrently and influence each other.
  • Prehensile movements, including palmar arch and finger configuration, are likely planned early, alongside the intent to grasp.